CPAN 初期設定 ======== {{tag: perl, cpan}} CPANを利用するための簡単な設定と、その変更方法 -------- {{TOC 3-}} ### CPAN 起動 ### まっさらな環境で CPAN コマンドを利用しようとすると、初期設定が行われます。 !!sh!! $ su - # cpan 古いチュートリアルでは、`perl -MCPAN -e shell` などと打って cpan を起動しているかもしれませんが、`cpan` と打つだけで、大丈夫です。 !!sh!! # cpan CPAN is the world-wide archive of perl resources. It consists of about 300 sites that all replicate the same contents around the globe. Many countries have at least one CPAN site already. The resources found on CPAN are easily accessible with the CPAN.pm module. If you want to use CPAN.pm, lots of things have to be configured. Fortunately, most of them can be determined automatically. If you prefer the automatic configuration, answer 'yes' below. If you prefer to enter a dialog instead, you can answer 'no' to this question and I'll let you configure in small steps one thing after the other. (Note: you can revisit this dialog anytime later by typing 'o conf init' at the cpan prompt.) Would you like me to configure as much as possible automatically? [yes] 最近の CPAN コマンドだと、上記のように聞かれます。 「できる限り自動的に設定していいかな？」と言われているので、素直にyes とタイプするか、デフォルトyesなのでそのままエンターを押せばすべて自動的によしなに設定がされます。make がインストールされてないとかいう致命的な状態のサーバでない限り、はまることはあまりないと思うので、基本的に自動で大丈夫です。ただし、マニュアル設定したいこだわりのある人は no と入力すると、ひとつひとつ設定が可能。 ここでは、細かい設定項目についてはいったん省略します。 ### 設定内容を確認する o conf コマンド ### CPAN シェルで、`o conf` というコマンドを発行すると、設定状況を一覧することができます。 !!sh!! # cpan cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v1.9402) Enter 'h' for help. cpan[1]> o conf $CPAN::Config options from '/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/CPAN/Config.pm': commit [Commit changes to disk] defaults [Reload defaults from disk] help [Short help about 'o conf' usage] init [Interactive setting of all options] applypatch [] auto_commit [0] build_cache [100] build_dir [/root/.cpan/build] build_dir_reuse [0] build_requires_install_policy [ask/yes] bzip2 [/usr/bin/bzip2] cache_metadata [1] check_sigs [0] colorize_debug undef colorize_output undef colorize_print undef colorize_warn undef commandnumber_in_prompt [1] commands_quote undef connect_to_internet_ok [1] cpan_home [/root/.cpan] curl [/usr/bin/curl] dontload_hash undef dontload_list undef ftp [] ftp_passive [1] ftp_proxy [] ftpstats_period undef ftpstats_size undef getcwd [cwd] gpg [] gzip [/bin/gzip] halt_on_failure [0] histfile [/root/.cpan/histfile] histsize [100] http_proxy [] inactivity_timeout [0] index_expire [1] inhibit_startup_message [0] keep_source_where [/root/.cpan/sources] load_module_verbosity [v] lynx [] make [/usr/bin/make] make_arg [] make_install_arg [] make_install_make_command [/usr/bin/make] makepl_arg [] mbuild_arg [] mbuild_install_arg [] mbuild_install_build_command [./Build] mbuildpl_arg [] ncftp [] ncftpget [] no_proxy [] pager [/usr/bin/less] password undef patch [] patches_dir undef perl5lib_verbosity [v] prefer_installer [MB] prefs_dir [/root/.cpan/prefs] prerequisites_policy [ask] proxy_pass undef proxy_user undef randomize_urllist undef scan_cache [atstart] shell [/bin/bash] show_unparsable_versions [0] show_upload_date [0] show_zero_versions [0] tar [/bin/tar] tar_verbosity [v] term_is_latin [1] term_ornaments [1] test_report [0] trust_test_report_history [0] unzip [/usr/bin/unzip] urllist use_sqlite [0] username undef wait_list undef wget [/usr/bin/wget] yaml_load_code [0] yaml_module [YAML] cpan[2]> 項目ごとに見たい場合は、`o conf` のあとに項目名をつけます。 !!sh!! cpan > o conf cpan_home cpan_home [/root/.cpan] ### CPAN の設定がある場所 ### `o conf` の最初に書かれてあるとおり、cpan の設定は、`/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/CPAN/Config.pm` にあります。 !!sh!! # vi /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/CPAN/Config.pm cpan から落としてくるファイルやもろもろのデータは、`cpan_home [/root/.cpan] ` という設定の通り、/root/.cpna 以下に保存されます。 ### CPAN 設定をやり直す ### CPAN の設定を最初からやり直したい！ そういう場合は、以下のように `o conf init` すると、設定をやり直せます。 !!sh!! # cpan cpan > o conf init CPAN is the world-wide archive of perl resources. It consists of about 300 sites that all replicate the same contents around the globe. Many countries have at least one CPAN site already. The resources found on CPAN are easily accessible with the CPAN.pm module. If you want to use CPAN.pm, lots of things have to be configured. Fortunately, most of them can be determined automatically. If you prefer the automatic configuration, answer 'yes' below. If you prefer to enter a dialog instead, you can answer 'no' to this question and I'll let you configure in small steps one thing after the other. (Note: you can revisit this dialog anytime later by typing 'o conf init' at the cpan prompt.) Would you like me to configure as much as possible automatically? [yes] ### 項目ごとの設定を変更する ### `o conf`で確認した設定を、項目ごとに変更したい場合は、`o conf` コマンドの後ろに項目名を書き、その後ろに設定内容を書きます。 !!sh!! cpan > o conf build_cache 15 cpan > o conf cpan_home "/root/dev/.cpan" 項目に設定内容が複数存在する場合は、`shift` `unshift` `pop` `push` によって操作できます。 !!sh!! cpan > o conf urllist push http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ 設定ができたら、忘れず commit します(auto_commit を有効にしてれば不要です)。 !!sh!! cpan > o conf commit commit: wrote '/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/CPAN/Config.pm' ### 設定項目の勘所 ### * urllist 地域と場所を選んで設定をするかと思いますが、個人的には [[http://www.perl.com/CPAN/SITES.html CPAN/SITES]] から サーバの設置場所に近くて http なサイトを選んで3つくらいリストしています。 * make サーバに make が入ってないと、CPANコマンドは動くがモジュールがまったくビルドできない。当たり前だが、その際に make がないよとは言ってくれないので（make ができない → make入ってない？と推測しないといけない）、ちょっと注意が必要。 ### 設定項目のワンライン解説 ### !!sh!! applypatch path to external prg auto_commit commit all changes to config variables to disk build_cache size of cache for directories to build modules build_dir locally accessible directory to build modules build_dir_reuse boolean if distros in build_dir are persistent build_requires_install_policy to install or not to install when a module is only needed for building. yes|no|ask/yes|ask/no bzip2 path to external prg cache_metadata use serializer to cache metadata check_sigs if signatures should be verified colorize_debug Term::ANSIColor attributes for debugging output colorize_output boolean if Term::ANSIColor should colorize output colorize_print Term::ANSIColor attributes for normal output colorize_warn Term::ANSIColor attributes for warnings commandnumber_in_prompt boolean if you want to see current command number commands_quote preferred character to use for quoting external commands when running them. Defaults to double quote on Windows, single tick everywhere else; can be set to space to disable quoting connect_to_internet_ok whether to ask if opening a connection is ok before urllist is specified cpan_home local directory reserved for this package curl path to external prg dontload_hash DEPRECATED dontload_list arrayref: modules in the list will not be loaded by the CPAN::has_inst() routine ftp path to external prg ftp_passive if set, the envariable FTP_PASSIVE is set for downloads ftp_proxy proxy host for ftp requests ftpstats_period max number of days to keep download statistics ftpstats_size max number of items to keep in the download statistics getcwd see below gpg path to external prg gzip location of external program gzip halt_on_failure stop processing after the first failure of queued items or dependencies histfile file to maintain history between sessions histsize maximum number of lines to keep in histfile http_proxy proxy host for http requests inactivity_timeout breaks interactive Makefile.PLs or Build.PLs after this many seconds inactivity. Set to 0 to disable timeouts. index_expire refetch index files after this many days inhibit_startup_message if true, suppress the startup message keep_source_where directory in which to keep the source (if we do) load_module_verbosity report loading of optional modules used by CPAN.pm lynx path to external prg make location of external make program make_arg arguments that should always be passed to 'make' make_install_make_command the make command for running 'make install', for example 'sudo make' make_install_arg same as make_arg for 'make install' makepl_arg arguments passed to 'perl Makefile.PL' mbuild_arg arguments passed to './Build' mbuild_install_arg arguments passed to './Build install' mbuild_install_build_command command to use instead of './Build' when we are in the install stage, for example 'sudo ./Build' mbuildpl_arg arguments passed to 'perl Build.PL' ncftp path to external prg ncftpget path to external prg no_proxy don't proxy to these hosts/domains (comma separated list) pager location of external program more (or any pager) password your password if you CPAN server wants one patch path to external prg patches_dir local directory containing patch files perl5lib_verbosity verbosity level for PERL5LIB additions prefer_installer legal values are MB and EUMM: if a module comes with both a Makefile.PL and a Build.PL, use the former (EUMM) or the latter (MB); if the module comes with only one of the two, that one will be used no matter the setting prerequisites_policy what to do if you are missing module prerequisites ('follow' automatically, 'ask' me, or 'ignore') prefs_dir local directory to store per-distro build options proxy_user username for accessing an authenticating proxy proxy_pass password for accessing an authenticating proxy randomize_urllist add some randomness to the sequence of the urllist scan_cache controls scanning of cache ('atstart' or 'never') shell your favorite shell show_unparsable_versions boolean if r command tells which modules are versionless show_upload_date boolean if commands should try to determine upload date show_zero_versions boolean if r command tells for which modules $version==0 tar location of external program tar tar_verbosity verbosity level for the tar command term_is_latin deprecated: if true Unicode is translated to ISO-8859-1 (and nonsense for characters outside latin range) term_ornaments boolean to turn ReadLine ornamenting on/off test_report email test reports (if CPAN::Reporter is installed) trust_test_report_history skip testing when previously tested ok (according to CPAN::Reporter history) unzip location of external program unzip urllist arrayref to nearby CPAN sites (or equivalent locations) use_sqlite use CPAN::SQLite for metadata storage (fast and lean) username your username if you CPAN server wants one wait_list arrayref to a wait server to try (See CPAN::WAIT) wget path to external prg yaml_load_code enable YAML code deserialisation via CPAN::DeferredCode yaml_module which module to use to read/write YAML files ### SEE ALSO ### * {{cpan: CPAN}}